The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.
